{"id":10677,"date":"2023-07-13T17:05:06","date_gmt":"2023-07-13T22:05:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.voicesforvaccines.org\/?post_type=jtf_topics&#038;p=10677"},"modified":"2024-08-04T17:11:18","modified_gmt":"2024-08-04T22:11:18","slug":"are-anecdotes-more-powerful-evidence","status":"publish","type":"jtf_topics","link":"https:\/\/www.voicesforvaccines.org\/es\/jtf_topics\/are-anecdotes-more-powerful-evidence\/","title":{"rendered":"Are anecdotes more powerful evidence?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wpb-content-wrapper\">[vc_row source=&#8221;&#8221; text=&#8221;Clinical Trials&#8221; font_container=&#8221;tag:h2|text_align:left&#8221; use_theme_fonts=&#8221;yes&#8221; google_fonts=&#8221;font_family:Abril%20Fatface%3Aregular|font_style:400%20regular%3A400%3Anormal&#8221; link=&#8221;&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1708910874436{border-top-width: 1px !important;border-right-width: 1px !important;border-bottom-width: 1px !important;border-left-width: 1px !important;}&#8221;][vc_column][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner][vc_custom_heading text=&#8221;The Claim:&#8221; font_container=&#8221;tag:h3|text_align:left&#8221; use_theme_fonts=&#8221;yes&#8221;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;&#8221;]\n<div class=\"vc_row wpb_row vc_inner vc_row-fluid\">\n<div class=\"wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-12\">\n<div class=\"vc_column-inner\">\n<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element\">\n<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n<p>Departing from his days on LoveLines, a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/JesslovesMJK\/status\/1674104553740828706?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw%7Ctwcamp%5Etweetembed%7Ctwterm%5E1674104553740828706%7Ctwgr%5Eee4ced4098fb5a69f97eb7aab9fd53ec8b52df52%7Ctwcon%5Es1_&amp;ref_url=https%3A%2F%2Fapp.brandwatch.com%2Fproject%2F1998345404%2Fdashboards%2F1418411\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-saferedirecturl=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/voicesforvaccines.us6.list-manage.com\/track\/click?u%3De17a65409cd8f13ba7e58cc97%26id%3Defff4b0be4%26e%3Dfc0735be13&amp;source=gmail&amp;ust=1690295657630000&amp;usg=AOvVaw1a2r9D3Rln5A1xxIQ1sv6A\">doctor\/podcaster\u00a0<\/a>invited another doctor to opine about how anecdotes are actually case studies and that they are more meaningful than global research.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"vc_row wpb_row vc_inner vc_row-fluid\">\n<div class=\"wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-12\">\n<div class=\"vc_column-inner\">\n<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner][vc_custom_heading text=&#8221;The Facts:&#8221; font_container=&#8221;tag:h3|text_align:left&#8221; use_theme_fonts=&#8221;yes&#8221;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;&#8221;]<em>Anecdotes<\/em>\u00a0refer to\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.voicesforvaccines.org\/vaccine-injury-stories-the-sacred-cows-of-the-internet\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-saferedirecturl=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/voicesforvaccines.us6.list-manage.com\/track\/click?u%3De17a65409cd8f13ba7e58cc97%26id%3D440dd0054d%26e%3Dfc0735be13&amp;source=gmail&amp;ust=1690295657630000&amp;usg=AOvVaw3RPTLJq8ZfIFba08u0gGTn\">personal stories<\/a>\u00a0or experiences shared by individuals, often based on their subjective observations or perceptions. These stories are usually not collected or analyzed systematically and may not use rigorous scientific methods. Anecdotal evidence can be convincing because it is based on personal experiences, but it\u2019s important to know that anecdotes alone are not reliable evidence or proof of cause and effect. They can be influenced by biases like\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/people-make-terrible-eyewitnesses-but-it-turns-out-theres-an-exception-77033#:~:text=One%20of%20the%20main%20problems,of%20the%20crime%2C%20for%20instance.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-saferedirecturl=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/voicesforvaccines.us6.list-manage.com\/track\/click?u%3De17a65409cd8f13ba7e58cc97%26id%3D3a5f3ac156%26e%3Dfc0735be13&amp;source=gmail&amp;ust=1690295657630000&amp;usg=AOvVaw229lLFqtfxmDytdVhw806E\">selective memory<\/a>\u00a0or personal beliefs and cannot be applied to larger groups of people.<\/p>\n<p><em>Case studies<\/em>\u00a0involve studying\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/bmcmedresmethodol.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/1471-2288-11-100#:~:text=A%20case%20study%20is%20a,particularly%20in%20the%20social%20sciences.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-saferedirecturl=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/voicesforvaccines.us6.list-manage.com\/track\/click?u%3De17a65409cd8f13ba7e58cc97%26id%3D1c36e6b64d%26e%3Dfc0735be13&amp;source=gmail&amp;ust=1690295657630000&amp;usg=AOvVaw2hU6OCwPnFA7uly6O0Qo5u\">specific individuals<\/a>\u00a0or small groups in detail. They provide a lot of information about their medical history, symptoms, tests, treatments, and outcomes.\u00a0 While they can provide valuable insights and a starting point for more research, they are considered less reliable evidence because they involve a small number of cases and other factors that can affect\u00a0<span class=\"il\">the<\/span>\u00a0results.<\/p>\n<p>In medical decision-making, research studies with more reliable methods are considered better than anecdotes and case studies. You can learn more about scientific studies and risk assessments by taking our\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.voicesforvaccines.org\/course\/the-vaccine-quest\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-saferedirecturl=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/voicesforvaccines.us6.list-manage.com\/track\/click?u%3De17a65409cd8f13ba7e58cc97%26id%3D46cb3c24f1%26e%3Dfc0735be13&amp;source=gmail&amp;ust=1690295657630000&amp;usg=AOvVaw0yNZcNLDpAfhPHnSrWVvtS\">free online course<\/a>. Here are some examples of rigorous scientific studies:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs):<\/em>\u00a0These are\u00a0<span class=\"il\">the<\/span>\u00a0best type of medical research. They randomly assign participants to different treatment groups and compare\u00a0<span class=\"il\">the<\/span>\u00a0results.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/sph.unc.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/112\/2015\/07\/nciph_ERIC10.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-saferedirecturl=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/voicesforvaccines.us6.list-manage.com\/track\/click?u%3De17a65409cd8f13ba7e58cc97%26id%3D8fcb3a9a9c%26e%3Dfc0735be13&amp;source=gmail&amp;ust=1690295657630000&amp;usg=AOvVaw1Ca5s0IykGDZ31vLzCnfAC\">RCTs<\/a>\u00a0have strict rules, use blinding techniques, and analyze data statistically to reduce biases and draw trustworthy conclusions.<\/li>\n<li><em>Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses:<\/em>\u00a0These studies combine and analyze\u00a0<span class=\"il\">the<\/span>\u00a0results of multiple research studies on a specific topic. By looking at data from many sources,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/guides.lib.utexas.edu\/pbh\/reviews#:~:text=Systematic%20reviews%20identify%2C%20select%2C%20assess,devices%2C%20and%20other%20healthcare%20services.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-saferedirecturl=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/voicesforvaccines.us6.list-manage.com\/track\/click?u%3De17a65409cd8f13ba7e58cc97%26id%3De3bb63eb5e%26e%3Dfc0735be13&amp;source=gmail&amp;ust=1690295657630000&amp;usg=AOvVaw3f1p7pxV_DyH8dpEclq9Ss\">systematic reviews<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3049418\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-saferedirecturl=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/voicesforvaccines.us6.list-manage.com\/track\/click?u%3De17a65409cd8f13ba7e58cc97%26id%3Db812511a7b%26e%3Dfc0735be13&amp;source=gmail&amp;ust=1690295657630000&amp;usg=AOvVaw1WWdMiNiU7CMjGZpXojS51\">meta-analyses<\/a>\u00a0give a thorough and unbiased assessment of\u00a0<span class=\"il\">the<\/span>\u00a0evidence. They help find patterns, trends, and overall effectiveness of treatments.<\/li>\n<li><em>Cohort Studies:\u00a0<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/sph.unc.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/112\/2015\/07\/nciph_ERIC6.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-saferedirecturl=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/voicesforvaccines.us6.list-manage.com\/track\/click?u%3De17a65409cd8f13ba7e58cc97%26id%3D02a231b8f0%26e%3Dfc0735be13&amp;source=gmail&amp;ust=1690295657630000&amp;usg=AOvVaw0UjgbqXK1cuT6iXYEr48oi\">Cohort studies<\/a>\u00a0follow a group of people over a period of time and look at their exposure to certain risks or treatments. These studies provide useful information about\u00a0<span class=\"il\">the<\/span>\u00a0long-term effects of treatments or\u00a0<span class=\"il\">the<\/span>\u00a0development of specific conditions.<\/li>\n<li>Observational Studies: These\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov\/products\/methods-guidance-observational-studies\/methods#:~:text=Observational%20studies%20include%20cohort%20studies,%2C%20and%20case%2Dcontrol%20studies.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-saferedirecturl=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/voicesforvaccines.us6.list-manage.com\/track\/click?u%3De17a65409cd8f13ba7e58cc97%26id%3Dea3475c4b0%26e%3Dfc0735be13&amp;source=gmail&amp;ust=1690295657630000&amp;usg=AOvVaw0GoAETXYENTnJ7-io0TmNf\">studies<\/a>\u00a0examine\u00a0<span class=\"il\">the<\/span>\u00a0relationship between variables without directly manipulating them. They don\u2019t establish cause and effect, but they can\u00a0identify possible connections between risks and outcomes.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>These research studies are generally better than anecdotes and case studies because they use rigorous methods, involve larger groups of people, and provide stronger evidence. They help prove cause and effect, assess if findings apply to a broader population, and guide medical decisions based on reliable information.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Anecdotes and case studies are less reliable than large-scale, scientifically rigorous research studies for establishing cause and effect.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"parent":0,"template":"","jtf_topic_subjects":[218],"class_list":["post-10677","jtf_topics","type-jtf_topics","status-publish","hentry","jtf_topic_subjects-vaccine-safety","entry","no-media"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.voicesforvaccines.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/jtf_topics\/10677","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.voicesforvaccines.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/jtf_topics"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.voicesforvaccines.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/jtf_topics"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.voicesforvaccines.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/jtf_topics\/10677\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10680,"href":"https:\/\/www.voicesforvaccines.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/jtf_topics\/10677\/revisions\/10680"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.voicesforvaccines.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10677"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"jtf_topic_subjects","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.voicesforvaccines.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/jtf_topic_subjects?post=10677"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}